Diet for a Person With Thin Basement Membrane Syndrome
By
Suzanne Robin
Although thin basement membrane
disease sounds like something that would affect the lower levels of your
house, it's actually an often-inherited disorder that affects the
kidneys. This disorder, also called benign familial hematuria, affects
between 5 and 9 percent of Americans, according to the Merck Manual. In
most cases, no treatment is necessary, although you may develop high
blood pressure or, in rare instances, kidney failure. If you have a
severe strain of the disease, following a kidney-friendly diet may help
avoid complications.
Normal Dietary Restrictions
If
you have this disorder, the glomerular basement membrane, one of the
tissue layers in your kidney, ranges from 150 to 225 nanometers instead
of a normal 300 to 400 nanometers, according to the Merck Manual.
Normally, this does not cause any significant kidney problems. If you
have no symptoms of thin basement membrane disease -- and most people
don't -- beyond minute amounts of blood or protein in your urine, you do
not need to follow any dietary restrictions.
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Watching Sodium Intake
The
American Heart Association suggests that everyone limit his sodium
intake to no more than 2,300 milligram per day, especially people with
an increased risk of developing high blood pressure. If you develop
hypertension, the medical term for high blood pressure, as a
complication of this disease, you may need to limit your sodium intake
to less than the recommended dose of 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day
and your doctor may prescribe a 1,500 milligram per day diet. Excess
sodium intake can raise your blood pressure. Work with a dietitian to
determine exactly what you can and can't eat, but limit processed foods,
which often contain large amounts of sodium, and don't add extra salt
while cooking or at the table.
Kidney Failure Diet
If
your disease progresses, you may need to limit phosphorus, protein and
possibly potassium, if your potassium levels are high. Dairy products
and meats, especially processed meat, contain large amounts of protein
and phosphorus. Many vegetables, including potatoes, greens, including
spinach, Brussels sprouts and winter squash are high in phosphorus or
potassium or both. It's important not to institute dietary changes
unless your doctor recommends them and to stay within the limits he
prescribes. Working with a dietitian helps you plan a diet that stays
within your limits but that still tastes good and encourages you to eat.
Considerations
Some
serious kidney diseases, such as Alport syndrome, start with the same
symptoms as thin basement membrane disease. Distinguishing between the
two may require a kidney biopsy or more specialized testing. Hearing and
vision loss may occur if you have Alport syndrome, which normally
affects males more than females. Notify your doctor if you develop
hearing or vision loss, since these symptoms may indicate a more serious
disorder that requires more stringent dietary restrictions.
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